Table 5 Robustness test: moderation effect of the basic medical insurance system

L.CUP1

0.4794^***

0.2941^***

0.5274^***

0.2545^***

(0.0592)

(0.0697)

(0.0461)

(0.0627)

Med_vst

0.2387^*

0.5421^**

− 0.2271^**

− 0.2322

(0.1345)

(0.1711)

(0.0849)

(0.1601)

Medical

0.0125^***

− 0.0192^***

(0.0035)

(0.0041)

Treat2

− 0.0035^**

0.0029^**

(0.0011)

(0.0012)

Gender

0.0041

− 0.0336

− 0.0010

− 0.0377

(0.0532)

(0.1197)

(0.0388)

(0.0698)

Edu

0.0982

0.1506

− 0.0421

− 0.1321^**

(0.0763)

(0.0938)

(0.0493)

(0.0641)

Marry

− 0.0654

− 0.1073

− 0.1068^**

− 0.0916

(0.0726)

(0.1029)

(0.0515)

(0.0698)

Unemp

0.5502^**

0.2539

− 0.4360^**

− 1.1715^*

(0.1969)

(0.8305)

(0.1583)

(0.7065)

H_size

1.6030

2.3572^*

− 1.6778^**

− 1.7073

(1.0612)

(1.3309)

(0.7433)

(1.3404)

Dpd_ratio

0.0141

0.0229

0.0286

− 0.0040

(0.0292)

(0.0580)

(0.0253)

(0.0344)

Urban

− 0.0403^**

− 0.0573^*

0.0467^***

0.0669^**

(0.0192)

(0.0295)

(0.0118)

(0.0228)

Social security

− 0.1325^***

− 0.1513^***

0.0580^**

0.0624^*

(0.0239)

(0.0288)

(0.0199)

(0.0358)

Tertiary_gdp

− 0.0250

− 0.0637

− 0.0356

− 0.0407

(0.0576)

(0.0743)

(0.0397)

(0.0283)

Agri_gdp

− 0.0170

0.0186

− 0.0441

− 0.1041^*

(0.0530)

(0.0898)

(0.0329)

(0.0609)

Fixed_asset

0.0924^***

0.1064^***

− 0.0359^***

− 0.0193^*

(0.0202)

(0.0245)

(0.0094)

(0.0112)

_cons

30.3713^**

47.3554^**

29.9820^**

46.9057^**

(12.1372)

(20.3080)

(11.3477)

(15.8400)

N

521

521

521

521

Arellano-Bond AR(1) Test

− 4.43***

− 4.22***

− 3.22***

− 3.08***

Arellano-Bond AR(2) Test

− 0.48

− 1.28

0.86

0.95

Hansen overidentification test

29.45

28.09

30.32

28.187