Table 1 Descriptive statistics of main variables

CUP1

The proportion of survival consumption expenditure

60.30

4.410

49.14

75.96

CUP2

The proportion of development and discretionary expenditure (excluding healthcare expenditure)

32.37

3.550

20.85

44.38

CUP3

The proportion of development and discretionary expenditure (including healthcare expenditure)

40.01

4.510

24.04

51.97

lnMED

Healthcare expenditure (logarithmically transformed)

6.210

0.720

4.120

7.910

THC

Continuous variable, representing total household consumption

8085

5041

1758

30,642

C_food

Continuous variable, representing food consumption

2712

1337

840.4

7389

C_dress

Continuous variable, representing clothing consumption

659.9

345.0

109.4

2032

C_house

Continuous variable, representing housing consumption

1408

1493

153.8

11,104

C_daily

Continuous variable, representing daily consumption

488.8

312.6

78.19

1842

C_trco

Continuous variable, representing transportation consumption

1021

740.7

118.6

3721

C_eec

Continuous variable, representing education and entertainment consumption

939.0

622.6

104.7

3692

C_med

Continuous variable, representing healthcare consumption

632.9

433.8

61.36

2727

C_other

Continuous variable, representing other consumption

249.9

182.6

44.36

1204

H_rate

Continuous variable, representing hospitalization rate

10.09

5.830

1.680

24.10

Med_vst

Continuous variable, representing average number of medical visits

3.510

2.500

0.380

11.65

Medical

Continuous variable, representing basic health insurance coverage rate

63.06

37.13

0

109.9

Unemp

Continuous variable, representing unemployment rate

3.520

0.710

1.200

6.500

Gender

Binary variable, representing gender (female = 1)

104.2

3.870

92.25

123.2

Marry

Continuous variable, representing marital status

72.75

3.700

56.08

78.75

Edu

Continuous variable, representing education level

10.41

7.030

0.790

50.49

H_size

Continuous variable, representing household size

3.180

0.410

2.330

5.030

Dpd_rate

Continuous variable, representing total dependency ratio

37.44

6.860

19.27

57.58

Social security

Continuous variable, representing social security level

19.66

5.090

3.320

34.19

Urban

Continuous variable, representing urbanization rate

49.64

16.81

15.66

89.60

Tertiary_gdp

Continuous variable, representing share of tertiary sector output

44.13

9.390

29.42

83.50

Agri_gdp

Continuous variable, representing share of agricultural output

20.07

10.57

0.750

55.79

Fixed_asset

Continuous variable, representing fixed asset investment growth rate

18.56

13.51

− 62.65

65.93