Impacts of the diagnosis-intervention packet reform on costs and healthcare resource utilization: evidence from Guangzhou, China

Table 2 Impacts of DIP using the SDID method without covariates and with covariates

	(1)	(2)
	[effect estimates (95% CI)]	[effect estimates (95% CI)]
Per-episode inpatient costs (CNY)	1574.735** [148.330, 3001.140]	1469.410*** [428.699, 2510.121]
Average length of stay (days)	0.006 [−1.362, 1.374]	0.049 [−1.363, 1.462]
In-hospital mortality (%)	−0.031 [−0.185, 0.122]	−0.023 [−0.210, 0.163]
Occupancy rate of hospital beds (%)	−4.431 [−14.387, 5.524]	−5.018 [−1.362, 1.374]
Discharge volume (episode)	86.422 [−159.158, 332.002]	246.104* [−15.172, 507.380]
Outpatient visits (episode)	−5264.290*** [−8790.790, −1737.790]	−7293.225*** [−11500.000, −3129.997]
Control variables	No	Yes
Observations	189	189

Abbreviations: DIP Diagnosis-intervention packet, SDID synthetic difference-in-differences, CNY ChiNa Yuan
^***, ^**, and ^* denote the significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level. 95% confidence intervals in brackets. The SDID estimates use panel data from the other 20 cities in Guangdong Province to synthesize Guangzhou. The first column is the average casual impacts of DIP using the SDID method without covariates. The third column is the average casual impacts of DIP using the SDID method with covariates. Covariates include the per-unit-population numbers of hospitals, doctors, beds and medical insurance participants, and the gross domestic product (GDP) per capital

ISSN: 2191-1991