Table 2 Associations between Medicare Advantage penetration and hospital Medicare and non-Medicare inpatient days
From: Medicare Advantage penetration and the financial distress of rural hospitals
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VARIABLES | Log (Medicare Inpatient Days) | Log (Medicare Inpatient Days) | Log (Medicare Inpatient Days) | Log (Non-Medicare Inpatient Days) | Log (Non-Medicare Inpatient Days) | Log (Non-Medicare Inpatient Days) |
Log (MA) | 0.051* | 0.053** | 0.055** | 0.153*** | 0.155*** | 0.154*** |
(0.027) | (0.027) | (0.027) | (0.030) | (0.030) | (0.030) | |
Rural in 2014 × Log (MA) | −0.144*** | −0.140*** | −0.137*** | −0.187*** | −0.182*** | −0.178*** |
(0.030) | (0.030) | (0.030) | (0.035) | (0.035) | (0.035) | |
FY2015 | 0.030*** | 0.028*** | 0.022*** | −0.016** | −0.019*** | −0.021*** |
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.008) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | |
FY2016 | 0.019** | 0.014* | 0.006 | −0.022*** | −0.028*** | −0.033*** |
(0.008) | (0.008) | (0.010) | (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.010) | |
FY2017 | 0.008 | 0.002 | −0.006 | −0.025*** | −0.032*** | −0.039*** |
(0.009) | (0.009) | (0.012) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.012) | |
FY2018 | 0.016 | 0.009 | −0.001 | −0.061*** | −0.070*** | −0.080*** |
(0.010) | (0.010) | (0.014) | (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.015) | |
FY2019 | 0.005 | −0.003 | −0.022 | −0.079*** | −0.089*** | −0.103*** |
(0.011) | (0.012) | (0.018) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.020) | |
FY2020 | −0.056*** | −0.064*** | −0.081*** | −0.103*** | −0.114*** | −0.132*** |
(0.013) | (0.014) | (0.022) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.025) | |
Density (Population per Square Mile) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |||
Population | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | ||
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |||
%Medicare Insurance | 0.148 | 0.415 | ||||
(0.431) | (0.439) | |||||
Age | 0.006 | 0.010*** | ||||
(0.004) | (0.004) | |||||
%Female | −0.224 | 0.161 | ||||
(0.255) | (0.188) | |||||
%Married, Spouse Present | −0.034 | −0.094 | ||||
(0.116) | (0.106) | |||||
%Black | 0.195 | −0.193 | ||||
(0.203) | (0.190) | |||||
%Hispanic | 0.377 | 0.020 | ||||
(0.253) | (0.236) | |||||
%Other | 0.020 | 0.299 | ||||
(0.347) | (0.258) | |||||
%High School or Above | −0.307 | −0.044 | ||||
(0.188) | (0.157) | |||||
%Employed | 0.128 | 0.060 | ||||
(0.109) | (0.095) | |||||
%In Labor Force | −0.093 | 0.249* | ||||
(0.150) | (0.139) | |||||
%Federal Poverty Level | 0.000 | −0.000 | ||||
(0.000) | (0.000) | |||||
Household Income | 0.000*** | 0.000*** | ||||
(0.000) | (0.000) | |||||
Constant | 8.753*** | 8.493*** | 8.070*** | 8.880*** | 8.573*** | 7.749*** |
(0.035) | (0.079) | (0.324) | (0.040) | (0.086) | (0.334) | |
Observations | 37,663 | 37,663 | 37,663 | 37,663 | 37,663 | 37,663 |
R-squared | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.009 |
Hospital FE | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
FY FE | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |