Table 3 Association between catastrophic medical costs and food insecurity by sociodemographic characteristics, fixed effects ordered logistic regression results

Gender: female

1.43

(0.93–2.20)

0.10

1.18

(0.77–1.83)

0.45

1.13

(0.70–1.82)

0.61

Gender: male

2.24

(1.30–3.86)

< 0.01

2.23

(1.30–3.81)

< 0.01

2.47

(1.29–4.74)

< 0.01

Race: Non-Hispanic White

1.56

(1.04–2.35)

0.03

1.53

(0.96–2.44)

0.07

1.51

(0.93–2.43)

0.09

Race: Black, Hispanic, and others

1.87

(1.16–3.02)

0.01

1.90

(1.16–3.11)

0.01

2.00

(1.11–3.62)

0.02

Education: high school or less

1.85

(1.27–2.69)

< 0.01

1.68

(1.10–2.55)

0.02

1.60

(1.01–2.53)

0.05

Education: some college or more

1.64

(0.87–3.09)

0.13

1.06

(0.57–1.96)

0.86

1.25

(0.64–2.44)

0.51

Self-rated health: fair or poor

1.91

(1.23–2.96)

< 0.01

2.02

(1.28–3.19)

< 0.01

1.67

(1.04–2.70)

0.04

Self-rated health: good or better

1.50

(0.98–2.29)

0.06

1.06

(0.66–1.71)

0.80

1.27

(0.73–2.22)

0.40

Single or no health insurance

1.97

(1.41–2.76)

< 0.01

1.58

(1.11–2.26)

0.01

1.47

(0.98–2.23)

0.07

Multiple insurance coverages

1.45

(0.70–2.99)

0.31

1.87

(0.88–3.97)

0.10

2.28

(0.93–5.60)

0.07

Employment: retired

1.96

(1.36–2.84)

< 0.01

1.74

(1.21–2.51)

< 0.01

1.72

(1.12–2.64)

0.01

Employment: not retired

1.38

(0.74–2.58)

0.32

1.08

(0.56–2.07)

0.82

0.97

(0.49–1.91)

0.92

Total income: below median

2.17

(1.47–3.20)

< 0.01

1.99

(1.36–2.91)

< 0.01

1.63

(1.05–2.53)

0.03

Total income: upper median

1.13

(0.69–1.84)

0.62

0.87

(0.43–1.76)

0.70

1.23

(0.59–2.57)

0.58