Table 2 Association between catastrophic medical costs and food insecurity, fixed effects ordered logistic regression results

Catastrophic health expenditure

1.72

(1.27–2.34)

< 0.01

1.53

(1.11–2.10)

0.01

1.52

(1.06–2.19)

0.02

Age

1.43

(0.78–2.63)

0.24

1.47

(0.81–2.68)

0.21

1.47

(0.81–2.68)

0.21

Age squared

1.00

(1.00–1.00)

0.23

1.00

(1.00–1.00)

0.19

1.00

(1.00–1.00)

0.19

Marital status

 Never married

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Separated, divorced, widowed

1.16

(0.34–3.91)

0.81

1.28

(0.38–4.33)

0.69

1.23

(0.36–4.19)

0.74

 Married

0.79

(0.20–3.17)

0.74

0.88

(0.22–3.57)

0.86

0.86

(0.21–3.49)

0.84

No. of household members

0.99

(0.82–1.19)

0.92

0.99

(0.83–1.20)

0.95

0.99

(0.83–1.19)

0.94

Self-rated health

 Excellent

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Very good

1.43

(0.69–2.99)

0.34

1.44

(0.69–2.98)

0.33

1.41

(0.68–2.93)

0.35

 Good

1.89

(0.86–4.17)

0.11

1.91

(0.87–4.17)

0.11

1.91

(0.87–4.17)

0.11

 Fair

2.00

(0.88–4.53)

0.10

2.02

(0.90–4.51)

0.09

2.02

(0.91–4.52)

0.09

 Poor

2.51

(1.04–6.08)

0.04

2.57

(1.08–6.17)

0.03

2.56

(1.07–6.12)

0.04

Chronic health conditions

 High blood pressure

0.91

(0.51–1.62)

0.75

0.92

(0.52–1.64)

0.78

0.97

(0.54–1.72)

0.91

 Diabetes

1.23

(0.64–2.35)

0.54

1.12

(0.57–2.19)

0.74

1.12

(0.57–2.19)

0.75

 Heart problems

0.75

(0.42–1.35)

0.34

0.78

(0.44–1.39)

0.41

0.77

(0.43–1.38)

0.38

 Stroke

0.89

(0.40–2.00)

0.78

0.88

(0.39–1.97)

0.75

0.87

(0.39–1.95)

0.73

 Lung disease

0.98

(0.51–1.89)

0.95

0.97

(0.51–1.86)

0.93

0.98

(0.51–1.88)

0.94

CES-D scale

1.15

(1.06–1.25)

< 0.01

1.14

(1.05–1.24)

< 0.01

1.14

(1.05–1.24)

< 0.01

ADL score

1.09

(0.92–1.28)

0.32

1.09

(0.92–1.28)

0.31

1.08

(0.92–1.28)

0.34

Health insurance coverage

 Medicare or Medicaid only

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 No insurance

1.83

(0.90–3.72)

0.09

1.87

(0.91–3.83)

0.09

1.88

(0.91–3.88)

0.09

 Employer-provided insurance only

0.57

(0.21–1.58)

0.28

0.61

(0.22–1.72)

0.35

0.60

(0.22–1.67)

0.33

 Other single insurance

1.34

(0.83–2.17)

0.24

1.39

(0.86–2.26)

0.18

1.36

(0.83–2.23)

0.22

 Multiple coverage

1.01

(0.64–1.60)

0.95

1.03

(0.65–1.62)

0.90

1.02

(0.65–1.59)

0.95

Employment status

 Not retired

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Retired

1.21

(0.72–2.02)

0.47

1.22

(0.72–2.05)

0.47

1.21

(0.71–2.04)

0.48

Log of total income

0.96

(0.87–1.05)

0.38

0.95

(0.86–1.04)

0.28

0.95

(0.86–1.05)

0.30