Table 2 Estimation results for health care utilization
Inpatient care | Outpatient care | Emergency care | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pooled | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Pooled | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Pooled | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
Age | 0.048 (0.004) | 0.026 (0.008) | 0.052 (0.008) | 0.067 (0.010) | 0.036 (0.008) | 0.081 (0.015) | -0.045 (0.004) | 0.013 (0.010) | -0.063 (0.010) | -0.074 (0.010) | -0.056 (0.009) | -0.050 (0.009) | -0.002 (0.0001) | -0.0008 (0.0003) | -0.001 (0.0002) | -0.002 (0.0002) | -0.002 (0.0002) | -0.001 (0.0003) |
Female | -0.401 (0.063) | -1.881 (0.275) | -0.484 (0.127) | -0.085 (0.097) | -0.197 (0.106) | 0.306 (0.100) | 2.047 (0.081) | 1.338 (0.275) | 1.790 (0.184) | 1.794 (0.166) | 2.044 (0.149) | 2.692 (0.154) | -0.018 (0.002) | -0.050 (0.007) | -0.026 (0.005) | -0.017 (0.005) | -0.006 (0.004) | -0.0007 (0.004) |
Chronic diseases | 0.505 (0.035) | 0.762 (0.083) | 0.600 (0.065) | 0.370 (0.057) | 0.349 (0.059) | 0.285 (0.098) | 5.200 (0.046) | 5.897 (0.096) | 5.285 (0.103) | 4.939 (0.101) | 4.556 (0.105) | 4.493 (0.104) | 0.026 (0.001) | 0.031 (0.002) | 0.027 (0.002) | 0.026 (0.002) | 0.020 (0.002) | 0.021 (0.002) |
Disabled | 3.815 (0.468) | 4.279 (0.892) | 3.506 (0.647) | 2.331 (0.636) | 3.880 (1.112) | 3.449 (1.755) | 3.077 (0.335) | 2.411 (0.583) | 4.001 (0.685) | 1.404 (0.734) | 4.499 (0.837) | 3.645 (0.961) | 0.044 (0.007) | 0.024 (0.013) | 0.052 (0.015) | 0.086 (0.018) | 0.043 (0.016) | 0.019 (0.017) |
Lower education | 0.417 (0.097) | 0.170 (0.354) | 0.297 (0.169) | 0.731 (0.143) | 0.430 (0.147) | 0.851 (0.259) | 6.149 (0.105) | 5.282 (0.288) | 6.270 (0.215) | 6.528 (0.213) | 5.789 (0.213) | 5.375 (0.251) | 0.041 (0.003) | 0.027 (0.007) | 0.034 (0.006) | 0.042 (0.006) | 0.053 (0.006) | 0.054 (0.006) |
Higher education | 0.106 (0.059) | -0.677 (0.290) | 0.098 (0.129) | 0.241 (0.104) | 0.063 (0.117) | 0.159 (0.121) | -0.441 (0.085) | -0.670 (0.327) | -0.356 (0.194) | -0.394 (0.168) | -0.451 (0.154) | -1.229 (0.179) | -0.003 (0.002) | -0.019 (0.008) | -0.0009 (0.007) | -0.002 (0.005) | -0.009 (0.005) | -0.0003 (0.005) |
Labor participation | -1.147 (0.077) | -1.743 (0.238) | -1.419 (0.166) | -0.962 (0.145) | -0.861 (0.177) | -0.875 (0.160) | -1.616 (0.100) | -0.604 (0.278) | -1.749 (0.219) | -1.930 (0.202) | -1.881 (0.196) | -1.508 (0.220) | -0.017 (0.003) | -0.032 (0.007) | -0.018 (0.006) | -0.018 (0.005) | -0.009 (0.005) | -0.007 (0.005) |
Married | -0.550 (0.131) | 0.511 (0.344) | -0.884 (0.236) | -1.161 (0.270) | -0.296 (0.224) | -1.386 (0.372) | 3.011 (0.122) | 2.379 (0.350) | 2.437 (0.277) | 3.296 (0.262) | 3.759 (0.236) | 4.323 (0.234) | 0.027 (0.003) | 0.032 (0.008) | 0.001 (0.008) | 0.042 (0.006) | 0.027 (0.007) | 0.023 (0.007) |
Family members | 0.019 (0.037) | -0.026 (0.122) | 0.043 (0.063) | 0.024 (0.058) | -0.046 (0.058) | -0.011 (0.077) | -0.947 (0.039) | -0.615 (0.117) | -1.060 (0.089) | -1.013 (0.079) | -0.727 (0.078) | -0.755 (0.080) | -0.008 (0.001) | 0.003 (0.003) | -0.009 (0.002) | -0.012 (0.002) | -0.009 (0.002) | -0.010 (0.002) |
Capital area | -0.411 (0.060) | -0.807 (0.260) | -0.561 (0.120) | -0.313 (0.098) | -0.267 (0.092) | -0.236 (0.106) | -0.519 (0.078) | -2.347 (0.274) | -0.545 (0.178) | -0.343 (0.159) | 0.014 (0.142) | 0.205 (0.149) | -0.012 (0.002) | -0.024 (0.006) | -0.010 (0.005) | -0.016 (0.005) | -0.003 (0.004) | -0.014 (0.004) |
Public assistance | 2.413 (0.401) | 2.139 (0.461) | 2.064 (0.910) | 1.553 (1.186) | 0.211 (1.984) | 24.64 (11.74) | 3.116 (0.376) | 3.575 (0.456) | 3.126 (0.844) | 3.408 (1.663) | -4.653 (1.752) | -1.990 (3.209) | 0.068 (0.011) | 0.082 (0.013) | 0.017 (0.020) | 0.035 (0.048) | -0.002 (0.041) | 0.200 (0.235) |
Priv. health ins | -0.269 (0.088) | 0.155 (0.324) | -0.330 (0.145) | -0.287 (0.153) | -0.391 (0.144) | -0.697 (0.212) | 0.099 (0.112) | 1.359 (0.322) | 0.033 (0.235) | -0.051 (0.226) | -0.475 (0.239) | -0.141 (0.241) | -0.006 (0.003) | -0.012 (0.007) | 0.003 (0.006) | -0.004 (0.006) | -0.007 (0.006) | -0.014 (0.007) |
Monthly premium | 0.014 (0.002) | 0.029 (0.018) | 0.032 (0.008) | 0.020 (0.005) | 0.019 (0.004) | 0.010 (0.003) | 0.011 (0.004) | -0.034 (0.020) | 0.023 (0.011) | 0.019 (0.009) | 0.009 (0.007) | 0.012 (0.005) | 0.0005 (0.0001) | 0.001 (0.0005) | 0.0008 (0.0003) | 0.0006 (0.0003) | 0.0008 (0.0002) | 0.0003 (0.0001) |
Years | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Income quintiles | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Constant | 0.083 (0.355) | 2.068 (1.112) | 0.139 (0.449) | -0.594 (0.406) | 0.287 (0.362) | -0.266 (0.514) | 7.167 (0.280) | 3.534 (0.727) | 7.899 (0.578) | 8.289 (0.526) | 6.730 (0.518) | 6.268 (0.523) | 0.141 (0.008) | 0.102 (0.021) | 0.150 (0.017) | 0.170 (0.015) | 0.139 (0.014) | 0.138 (0.016) |
Observations | 194,172 | 39,007 | 38,720 | 38,830 | 38,888 | 38,727 | 194,172 | 39,007 | 38,720 | 38,830 | 38,888 | 38,727 | 194,172 | 39,007 | 38,720 | 38,830 | 38,888 | 38,727 |
R-squared | 0.024 | 0.019 | 0.034 | 0.027 | 0.020 | 0.027 | 0.310 | 0.310 | 0.303 | 0.272 | 0.272 | 0.248 | 0.016 | 0.021 | 0.016 | 0.017 | 0.014 | 0.012 |