Assessing the economic burden of vision loss and irreversible legal blindness in Spain (2021–2030): a societal perspective

Table 2 Parameters used to estimate the costs of patients

		Cost per year per patient, (€-PPP, 2021)^a
		Direct health cost	Direct non-health cost	Loss of productivity cost
Glaucoma	*POAG*	• Early: €427^b [55, 56] • Intermediate: €489 [55] • Advance: €808^c [55, 57]	€15,589 [14]	€6029 [14]
Glaucoma	*PACG*	€807^d [58]	€15,589 [14]	€6029 [14]
Diabetic retinopathy (DR)	*Mild NPDR*	€376 [29]	€32 [59]	€6029 [14]
	*Moderate NPDR*	€6082 [29]	€259 [59]
	*Severe NPDR*	€8923 [29]	€715 [59]
	*PDR*	€13,888 [29]	€1027 [59]
Diabetic macular edema (DME)		€4346 [29]	€1027 [59]	€7333 [14]
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)	*Early*	€2673 [60]	€7011 [45]	€0^e
	*Intermediate*	€4686 [60]
	*Wet*	€3595 [60]
	*Dry*	€3595 [60]
High myopia (HM)	HM	€370 [34]	€4302 [34]	€4283 [34]
High myopia (HM)	*HM + CNV*	€2064 [34]	€4533 [34]	€4267 [34]

CNV choroidal neovascularization; NPDR non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PACG primary angle closure glaucoma; PDR proliferative diabetic retinopathy; POAG primary open angle glaucoma; PPP purchasing power parity factor
^aThe costs are form countries other than Spain, were applicated the purchasing power parity factor (PPP)
^bAverage cost obtained by Lorenz K, et al 2013 [55] and Kobelt G, et al 2010 [56]
^cAverage cost obtained by Lorenz K, et al 2013 [55] and Thygesen J, et al 2008 [57]
^dAverage cost obtained by the stages of early, moderate and advanced GACG to Traverso CE. Etal, 2005 [58]
^eAs the population was all over the age of 65, no costs were applied for any loss in productivity

ISSN: 2191-1991