Assessing the economic burden of vision loss and irreversible legal blindness in Spain (2021–2030): a societal perspective

Table 1 Parameters used to estimate populations and their costs

Pathologies			Prevalence	Incidence
Glaucoma		*POAG*	4.50% [23]	0.10%^a
Glaucoma		*PACG*	0.40% [24]	0.01%^a
Diabetic retinopathy (DR)	*DM1*	*Mild NPDR*	7.06% [27]	7.05%^b [31]
		*Moderate NPDR*	7.59% [27]	1.06%^b [31]
		*Severe NPDR*	2.87% [27]	0.75%^b [31]
		*PDR*	1.02% [27]	0.13%^b [31]
	*DM2*	*Mild NPDR*	12.03% [30]	7.05%^b [31]
		*Moderate NPDR*	5.09% [30]	1.06%^b [31]
		*Severe NPDR*	1.50% [30]	0.75%^b [31]
		*PDR*	0.56% [30]	0.13%^b [31]
Diabetic macular edema (DME)		DM1	10.06% [27]	2.30%^c [54] 2.00%^c [54]
Diabetic macular edema (DME)		DM2	10.30% [27]	1.40%^c [54] 2.40%^c [54]
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)	*Early*	65-69 years	0.1% [33]	0.8%^d [32]
		70-74 years	2.4% [33]	1.8%^d [32]
		75-79 years	2.6% [33]	3.9%^d [32]
		≥ 80 years	3.1% [33]	6.8%^d[32]
	*Intermediate*	65-69 years	0.1% [33]	0.8%^d [32]
		70-74 years	0.1% [33]	1.8%^d [32]
		75-79 years	0.4% [33]	3.9%^d [32]
		≥ 80 years	0.7% [33]	6.8%^d [32]
	*Wet*	65-69 years	0.7% [33]	0.3%^d [32]
		70-74 years	1.8% [33]	1.3%^d [32]
		75-79 years	2.4% [33]	2.5%^d [32]
		≥ 80 years	8.5% [33]	3.6%^d [32]
	*Dry*	65-69 years	0.2% [33]	0.5%^d [32]
		70-74 years	0.4% [33]	0.6%^d [32]
		75-79 years	1.9% [33]	1.4%^d [32]
		≥ 80 years	4.1% [33]	3.2%^d [32]
High myopia (HM)			3.0% [34]	0.3% [34]

DM1 diabetes mellitus type 1; DM2 diabetes mellitus type 2; NPDR non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR proliferative diabetic retinophaty; PACG primary angle closure glaucoma; POAG primary open angle glaucoma
^aEstimated value by means of growth of the population and prevalence values
^bIncidence in patients with DR (type of DM not specified)
^cIncidence rates were different between years 1-4 and 4-10 of follow-up according to Romero-Aroca et al., 2005 [54]
^dData per 1000 people/year

ISSN: 2191-1991