Table 3 Former communist heritage and present-day corruption behaviour in the public health system, ordered probit regressions, baseline specifications (Moldova and Wallachia)

Individual-level controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Geographic controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Macroeconomic controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

County-fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Nr_20km

0.2646****

(0.0671)

Nr_75km

0.1021*

(0.0566)

Distance_nearest_gulag_under43km

0.3883***

(0.1297)

Father_member_PCR

0.1779

(0.1106)

Mother_member_PCR

0.0108

(0.1357)

Other_family_members_PCR

0.1177

(0.1601)

Family_moved_WWII

0.3403**

(0.1625)

N

771

771

771

771

771

771

690

chi2

207.30

187.83

194.33

189.31

187.53

186.68

175.66

p

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

Pseudo R²

0.0927

0.0896

0.0930

0.0892

0.0881

0.0883

0.0913

AIC

2241.88

2249.39

2241.22

2250.23

2252.86

2252.46

2017.53

BIC

2395.26

2402.76

2394.59

2403.60

2406.24

2405.83

2167.24

AUROC (after probit)

0.7853

0.7866

0.7893

0.7841

0.7840

0.7845

0.7865

Goodness of fit (after probit)

0.0435

0.0108

0.0501

0.0460

0.0204

0.0198

0.0159