Table 11 Different historical events and current corruption behaviour in the public health system, ordered probit regressions, robustness checks (from 75 in 75 km of the former imperial border), decreasing sample of Romanian counties

Individual-level controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Geographic controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Macroeconomic controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

County-fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Distance_nearest_gulag_under43km

0.2970****

0.2614***

0.2795****

0.2169**

0.0394

-0.1062

0.0628

(0.0795)

(0.0798)

(0.0827)

(0.0883)

(0.1042)

(0.1351)

(0.3570)

1.fHabsb_Empire_In#

1.Distance_border_categ2

0.2110

-0.0844

0.4488

0.5202

0.2365

2.3381**

2.9925****

(0.2939)

(0.2977)

(0.3481)

(0.4302)

(0.5843)

(1.0396)

(0.7771)

1.fHabsb_Empire_In#

2.Distance_border_categ2

-0.6730***

-1.2296****

-0.7765**

-0.8497**

-0.7770*

-0.1540

0.0000

(0.2418)

(0.2626)

(0.3070)

(0.3774)

(0.4498)

(0.7299)

(.)

N

1295

1201

1107

932

732

503

351

chi2

229.73

241.40

243.54

215.32

211.46

220.62

227.84

p

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

R2

0.0540

0.0571

0.0618

0.0626

0.0865

0.1380

0.1678

AIC

3838.33

3524.42

3221.86

2681.02

2066.04

1375.42

959.96

BIC

4008.82

3692.42

3387.17

2840.65

2217.70

1510.48

1079.65