Table 1 Study characteristics
From: Cost of illness of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Study design | Number of studies (%) | Studies |
|---|---|---|
Prospective | 3 (25%) | Mahmood et al., 2018; O’Neill et al., 2015; Pakseresht et al., 2011 |
Retrospective | 9 (75%) | Afkar et al., 2020; Afkar et al., 2021; Jalali et al., 2023; Lan et al., 2013; Rezende et al., 2021; Shankar et al., 2018; Umo et al., 2023; Zhao et al., 2022; Zheng et al., 2022 |
Setting | ||
Hospital patient records | 10 (84%) | Afkar et al., 2020; Afkar et al., 2021; Jalali et al., 2023; Mahmood et al., 2018; O’Neill et al., 2015; Pakseresht et al., 2011; Shankar et al., 2018; Lan et al., 2013; Umo et al., 2023; Zhao et al., 2022 |
National Health Registry | 1 (8%) | Zheng et al., 2022 |
National Health Survey | 1 (8%) | Rezende et al., 2021 |
Country income | ||
Lower middle income | 9 (75%) | Afkar et al., 2020; Afkar et al., 2021; Jalali et al., 2023; Lan et al., 2013; Mahmood et al., 2018; O’Neill et al., 2015; Pakseresht et al., 2011; Shankar et al., 2018; Umo et al., 2023 |
Upper middle income | 3 (25%) | Rezende et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2022; Zheng et al., 2022 |
Study population size | ||
< 100 | 2 (17%) | O’Neill et al., 2015; Umo et al. 2023 |
100–200 | 8 (66%) | Afkar et al., 2020; Afkar et al., 2021; Jalali et al., 2023; Lan et al., 2013; Mahmood et al., 2018; Pakseresht et al., 2011; Shankar et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2022 |
Large population | 2 (17%) | Rezende et al., 2021; Zheng et al., 2022 |
Study perspective | ||
Societal | 4 (33%) | Afkar et al., 2021; Jalali et al., 2023; O’Neill et al., 2015; Pakseresht et al., 2011 |
Payer | 8 (67%) | Afkar et al., 2020; Lan et al., 2013; Mahmood et al., 2018; Rezende et al., 2021; Shankar et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2022; Zheng et al., 2022; Umo et al., 2023 |
Costing methodology | ||
Bottom-up | 7 (58%) | Afkar et al., 2020; Afkar et al., 2021; Jalali et al., 2023; Lan et al., 2013; O’Neill et al., 2015; Pakseresht et al., 2011; Umo et al., 2023 |
Top-down | 3 (25%) | Rezende et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2022; Zheng et al., 2022 |
Mixed | 2 (17%) | Mahmood et al., 2018; Shankar et al., 2018 |
Epidemiological component | ||
Incidence | 7 (58%) | Lan et al., 2013; Mahmood et al., 2018; O’Neill et al., 2015; Pakseresht et al., 2011; Shankar et al., 2018; Umo et al., 2023; Zhao et al., 2022 |
Prevalence | 5 (42%) | Afkar et al., 2020; Afkar et al., 2021; Jalali et al., 2023; Rezende et al., 2021; Zheng et al., 2022 |