Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the variables selected for the analysis of the relationship between COVID-19 spread and poverty in Africa
From: Does poverty increase COVID-19 in Africa? A cross-country analysis
Variables | Mean | Std. Dev | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variables | ||||
Total COVID-19 cases in 2020 | 52,431.940 | 155,166.000 | 226.000 | 1,039,161.000 |
Total COVID-19 cases in 2021 | 187,116.700 | 495,236.600 | 3877.000 | 3,446,532.000 |
Total COVID-19 cases in 2022 | 231,343.300 | 582,803.600 | 6043.000 | 3,993,843.000 |
COVID-19 severity in 2020 (%) | 58.157 | 12.749 | 13.904 | 84.702 |
COVID-19 severity in 2021 (%) | 50.691 | 19.224 | 12.040 | 87.040 |
Variables of interest | ||||
Average poverty ($/month) | 154.406 | 116.567 | 40.210 | 643.260 |
Poverty incidence (%) | 33.713 | 23.652 | 0.130 | 80.710 |
Poverty depth (%) | 13.236 | 11.849 | 0.020 | 44.950 |
Poverty severity (%) | 7.050 | 7.356 | 0.000 | 29.490 |
Multidimensional poverty index (%) | 32.677 | 14.052 | 12.533 | 75.035 |
Extreme poverty (%) | 35.135 | 21.546 | 0.500 | 77.600 |
Control variables | ||||
Population size (millions) | 24.934 | 35.137 | 0.098 | 200.964 |
Population density (inhabitant/km2) | 104.883 | 130.641 | 3.078 | 622.962 |
GDP per capita (current $) | 2510.799 | 2985.829 | 228.214 | 16,213.480 |
Official development assistance (millions; current $) | 1024.291 | 989.438 | 22.180 | 4809.970 |
Health expenditure per capita (current $) | 130.805 | 173.887 | 18.521 | 839.773 |
GINI index (%) | 42.515 | 8.135 | 27.616 | 63.026 |
Corruption control (poor: -2.5; good: 2.5) | -0.639 | 0.650 | -1.716 | 0.840 |
Government effectiveness (poor: -2.5; good: 2.5) | -0.794 | 0.680 | -2.478 | 0.900 |