Place of Delivery | Assistance at Delivery | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Rural | Urban | National | Rural | Urban | |
OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | |
NHIS (base: no) | ||||||
Yes | 1.805*** | 1.886*** | 1.440* | 1.864*** | 1.948*** | 1.498* |
(1.565–2.081) | (1.589–2.239) | (1.036–2.002) | (1.615–2.151) | (1.641–2.314) | (1.076–2.086) | |
Wealth Quintile (base: Poorest) | ||||||
Poorer | 1.539*** | 1.537*** | 1.172 | 1.543*** | 1.560*** | 1.097 |
(1.292–1.833) | (1.274–1.856) | (0.708–1.941) | (1.295–1.839) | (1.291–1.884) | (0.663–1.817) | |
Middle | 3.061*** | 2.404*** | 2.356*** | 3.172*** | 2.562*** | 2.328*** |
(2.505–3.739) | (1.889–3.061) | (1.493–3.718) | (2.589–3.886) | (2.005–3.275) | (1.471–3.685) | |
Richer | 20.093*** | 9.554*** | 11.792*** | 22.783*** | 13.330*** | 12.480*** |
(14.831–27.223) | (5.448–16.753) | (7.242–19.201) | (16.484–31.488) | (6.948–25.573) | (7.576–20.558) | |
Education (base: No education) | ||||||
Primary | 1.876*** | 1.739*** | 1.916** | 1.851*** | 1.723*** | 1.850** |
(1.566–2.248) | (1.412–2.142) | (1.272–2.887) | (1.544–2.219) | (1.398–2.124) | (1.221–2.801) | |
At least Secondary | 5.477*** | 3.299*** | 7.584*** | 5.489*** | 3.398*** | 6.965*** |
(4.630–6.480) | (2.709–4.018) | (5.190–11.082) | (4.631–6.507) | (2.784–4.148) | (4.765–10.182) | |
Employment status (base: Not employed) | ||||||
Employed | 0.848 | 0.856 | 1.086 | 0.852 | 0.840 | 1.166 |
(0.706–1.019) | (0.685–1.068) | (0.737–1.601) | (0.708–1.025) | (0.671–1.050) | (0.793–1.715) | |
Marital status (base: Never married) | ||||||
Currently married | 0.610*** | 0.500*** | 1.252 | 0.587*** | 0.480*** | 1.200 |
(0.465–0.802) | (0.357–0.699) | (0.760–2.062) | (0.444–0.775) | (0.341–0.676) | (0.721–1.996) | |
Formerly married | 0.538*** | 0.448*** | 1.005 | 0.543** | 0.453*** | 1.031 |
(0.375–0.774) | (0.288–0.697) | (0.485–2.082) | (0.375–0.786) | (0.289–0.709) | (0.487–2.182) | |
Age | 0.986** | 0.982*** | 0.993 | 0.987** | 0.981*** | 0.998 |
(0.977–0.996) | (0.971–0.992) | (0.968–1.019) | (0.977–0.996) | (0.971–0.992) | (0.973–1.025) | |
Religion (base: Christian) | ||||||
Moslem | 0.842 | 0.847 | 0.445*** | 0.851 | 0.858 | 0.451*** |
(0.707–1.004) | (0.679–1.056) | (0.315–0.627) | (0.713–1.015) | (0.687–1.071) | (0.318–0.639) | |
Traditional | 0.115*** | 0.206*** | 0.024*** | 0.115*** | 0.204*** | 0.024*** |
(0.080–0.167) | (0.139–0.306) | (0.008–0.076) | (0.079–0.166) | (0.138–0.302) | (0.008–0.074) | |
No religion | 0.250*** | 0.285*** | 0.245*** | 0.252*** | 0.291*** | 0.239*** |
(0.182–0.344) | (0.195–0.417) | (0.116–0.515) | (0.184–0.346) | (0.199–0.424) | (0.114–0.504) | |
Ethnicity (base: Akan) | ||||||
Ga | 1.002 | 0.726 | 1.508 | 0.868 | 0.630* | 1.192 |
(0.693–1.447) | (0.461–1.143) | (0.636–3.575) | (0.604–1.249) | (0.400–0.991) | (0.530–2.683) | |
Ewe | 0.793 | 0.793 | 0.932 | 0.732* | 0.746* | 0.773 |
(0.623–1.010) | (0.595–1.058) | (0.539–1.612) | (0.574–0.933) | (0.558–0.998) | (0.454–1.316) | |
Northern | 0.475*** | 0.554*** | 0.533*** | 0.453*** | 0.522*** | 0.517*** |
(0.408–0.554) | (0.461–0.664) | (0.379–0.751) | (0.388–0.529) | (0.434–0.628) | (0.364–0.733) | |
Residence (base: Urban) | ||||||
Rural | 0.174*** | 0.178*** | ||||
(0.146–0.208) | (0.149–0.213) | |||||
Region (base: Greater Accra) | ||||||
Western | 0.261*** | 0.821 | 0.398* | 0.274*** | 0.834 | 0.434 |
(0.168–0.407) | (0.447–1.510) | (0.170–0.930) | (0.174–0.431) | (0.449–1.548) | (0.183–1.029) | |
Central | 0.239*** | 0.771 | 0.238*** | 0.260*** | 0.815 | 0.264*** |
(0.154–0.372) | (0.418–1.421) | (0.110–0.513) | (0.166–0.407) | (0.437–1.518) | (0.121–0.576) | |
Volta | 0.206*** | 0.713 | 0.187*** | 0.206*** | 0.698 | 0.187*** |
(0.131–0.323) | (0.383–1.328) | (0.085–0.414) | (0.130–0.326) | (0.372–1.311) | (0.085–0.414) | |
Eastern | 0.218*** | 0.624 | 0.361* | 0.205*** | 0.585 | 0.291** |
(0.140–0.340) | (0.338–1.151) | (0.156–0.835) | (0.131–0.321) | (0.314–1.088) | (0.130–0.653) | |
Ashanti | 0.617 | 1.445 | 0.615 | 0.635 | 1.428 | 0.666 |
(0.380–1.002) | (0.743–2.809) | (0.268–1.412) | (0.388–1.041) | (0.726–2.809) | (0.286–1.547) | |
Brong Ahafo | 0.348*** | 1.068 | 0.442 | 0.348*** | 1.037 | 0.442 |
(0.223–0.544) | (0.579–1.971) | (0.194–1.006) | (0.221–0.547) | (0.556–1.931) | (0.194–1.006) | |
Northern | 0.065*** | 0.190*** | 0.090*** | 0.065*** | 0.183*** | 0.092*** |
(0.043–0.100) | (0.105–0.344) | (0.044–0.182) | (0.043–0.100) | (0.100–0.334) | (0.045–0.187) | |
Upper East | 0.527** | 2.034* | 0.412* | 0.536* | 1.921* | 0.502 |
(0.329–0.844) | (1.078–3.839) | (0.173–0.978) | (0.332–0.867) | (1.008–3.659) | (0.204–1.236) | |
Upper West | 0.199*** | 0.657 | 1.573 | 0.191*** | 0.605 | 1.573 |
(0.127–0.310) | (0.358–1.205) | (0.338–7.325) | (0.121–0.300) | (0.327–1.119) | (0.338–7.325) | |
Barriers to Access | 0.727*** | 0.769*** | 0.824*** | 0.721*** | 0.762*** | 0.812*** |
(0.693–0.762) | (0.727–0.814) | (0.735–0.923) | (0.687–0.756) | (0.720–0.807) | (0.725–0.909) | |
Frequency of watching TV (base: Not all) | ||||||
At least one | 2.344*** | 2.067*** | 2.364*** | 2.424*** | 2.146*** | 2.446*** |
(1.994–2.755) | (1.704–2.506) | (1.636–3.414) | (2.061–2.851) | (1.769–2.603) | (1.691–3.538) | |
N | 4169 | 2457 | 1712 | 4169 | 2457 | 1712 |
R2 | 0.013 | 0.016 | 0.004 | 0.015 | 0.018 | 0.005 |