Table 3 Result of linear regression: Correlates of average maternity expenditure and share of maternity care expenditure in total couple’s annual income
From: Out-of-pocket expenditure on maternity care for hospital births in Uttar Pradesh, India
Variable | Categories | Expenditure on maternity care | Percentage share of expenditure in couple’s annual income | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | ANCs | Delivery | TME | ANCs | Delivery | TME |
Age (in years) | Â | 0.055(0.039) | 0.053**(0.027) | 0.028(0.028) | 0.000(0.002) | 0.001(0.002) | 0.001(0.003) |
Education level of women | Up to high school v/s Intermediate | −0.394(0.389) | −0.281(0.276) | −0.102(0.292) | 0.002(0.018) | 0.014(0.025) | 0.017(0.035) |
Up to high school v/s Under graduation and above | −0.035(0.309) | −0.141(0.219) | −0.242(0.229) | 0.055***(0.014) | 0.069***(0.02) | 0.120***(0.027) | |
Religion | Hindu v/s Muslim | 0.249(0.351) | − 0.039(0.235) | 0.184(0.253) | 0.013(0.016) | 0.016(0.021) | 0.022(0.030) |
Social group | SC/ST v/s OBC | 0.092(0.379) | −0.201(0.259) | −0.111(0.27) | 0.014(0.017) | 0.023(0.023) | 0.042(0.032) |
SC/ST v/s General | 0.819**(0.38) | −0.131(0.266) | 0.361(0.271) | 0.022(0.017) | 0.002(0.023) | 0.021(0.033) | |
Per capita annual income |  | −0.207(0.172) | −0.324***(0.119) | − 0.237*(0.127) | −0.069***(0.008) | − 0.101***(0.011) | −0.177***(0.015) |
Place of residence | Urban v/s Rural | 0.085(0.271) | 0.131(0.182) | 0.154(0.197) | −0.025**(0.012) | −0.014(0.016) | − 0.042**(0.023) |
Social networks | Yes v/s No | 0.174(0.446) | −0.169(0.324) | 0.229(0.326) | −0.027(0.02) | −0.005(0.028) | − 0.020(0.039) |
Mass media exposure | No v/s Yes | 0.139(0.401) | 0.08(0.249) | 0.251(0.264) | 0.026(0.016) | −0.015(0.022) | 0.017(0.031) |
Number of previous pregnancies |  | −0.206(0.168) | −0.23**(0.115) | − 0.185(0.123) | 0.010(0.008) | 0.002(0.010) | 0.013(0.015) |
Last pregnancy registered with ANM | Yes v/s No | −0.382(0.256) | 0.031(0.181) | −0.055(0.185) | −0.004(0.012) | 0.015(0.016) | 0.007(0.022) |
Number of ANCs |  | 0.113***(0.042) | – | 0.070**(0.032) | 0.000(0.002) | – | 0.004(0.004) |
Quality of ANCs | Low v/s Medium | 0.315(0.487) | – | 0.091(0.362) | −0.023(0.021) | – | −0.043(0.042) |
Low v/s High | 0.443(0.39) | – | 0.409(0.289) | 0.009(0.016) | – | 0.019(0.034) | |
Place of ANCs | Government hospital v/s Private hospital | 1.26***(0.275) | – | 0.331(0.252) | 0.056***(0.013) | – | 0.056*(0.030) |
Distance to ANC hospital |  | 0.000(0.004) | – | 0.001(0.003) | 0.000(0.000) | – | 0.000(0.000) |
Who has taken decision on institutional delivery | Self/Family planned v/s Doctor advised/ rushed to hospital due to EmOC | – | 0.151(0.188) | −0.069(0.194) | – | 0.011(0.016) | 0.034(0.023) |
Type of delivery | Normal v/s Caesarean/Forceps | – | 0.244(0.19) | 0.550***(0.195) | – | 0.038**(0.016) | 0.061***(0.023) |
Type of hospital for delivery | Government hospital v/s Government aided hospital | – | 0.597**(0.233) | 0.814***(0.251) | – | 0.035*(0.020) | 0.051*(0.029) |
|  | Government hospital v/s Private hospital | – | 1.951***(0.250) | 1.905***(0.307) | – | 0.135***(0.022) | 0.161***(0.036) |
Received JSY | Yes v/s No | – | 0.085(0.215) | −0.329(0.222) | – | −0.011(0.019) | −0.042(0.027) |
Constant | Â | 6.256***(2.217) | 9.885***(1.536) | 8.457***(1.67) | 0.781(0.101) | 1.114***(0.137) | 1.908***(0.201) |
Prob > F | Â | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
R-square | Â | 0.271 | 0.362 | 0.388 | 0.350 | 0.410 | 0.451 |
Adj R-square | Â | 0.202 | 0.304 | 0.320 | 0.296 | 0.362 | 0.451 |