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Table 4 Results from logistic regression analysis, India, 2014

From: Does spending matters? Re-looking into various covariates associated with Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) and catastrophic spending on accidental injury from NSSO 71st round data

Co-variates

5%

10%

15%

 

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95%CI

Age

 less than 15

         

 15–29

1.25

[0.73

2.13]

2.02*

[1.01

4.04]

1.74*

[0.94

3.22]

 30–59

0.92

[0.58

1.47]

1.73*

[0.94

3.22]

1.72*

[1.00

2.96]

 60+

1.01

[0.59

1.73]

2.16*

[1.06

4.43]

2.20*

[1.12

4.31]

Sex

 Male

         

 Female

0.67*

[0.47

0.96]

0.90

[0.66

1.22]

0.98

[0.72

1.32]

Education level*

 Illiterate

         

 Up to primary

0.70*

[0.47

1.05]

0.88

[0.59

1.30]

1.04

[0.70

1.56]

 Up to secondary

1.21

[0.77

1.89]

1.18

[0.74

1.89]

1.59*

[1.00

2.55]

 Graduation and above

1.90*

[1.04

3.45]

2.19**

[1.23

3.89]

2.10*

[1.19

3.71]

Residence

 Rural

         

 Urban

0.80

[0.58

1.11]

0.86

[0.63

1.16]

0.93

[0.69

1.26]

Caste

 Scheduled Tribes

         

 Scheduled Castes

0.71

[0.38

1.33]

1.05

[0.45

2.45]

0.94

[0.50

1.77]

 Backward Classes

0.94

[0.52

1.70]

1.43

[0.61

3.32]

1.25

[0.67

2.34]

 Others

1.03

[0.56

1.89]

1.82

[0.79

4.21]

1.54

[0.81

2.94]

Religion

 Hindu

         

 Muslim

0.56*

[0.35

0.89]

0.74

[0.49

1.11]

0.80

[0.53

1.21]

 Others

1.01

[0.51

2.00]

0.98

[0.60

1.60]

0.73

[0.43

1.23]

Household size

 1–3 member

         

 4–6 members

0.95

[0.65

1.38]

0.84

[0.60

1.18]

0.88

[0.62

1.24]

 7 + members

0.74

[0.46

1.20]

0.73

[0.46

1.15]

0.75

[0.49

1.17]

Wealth quintile

 Poorest

         

 Poorer

0.72

[0.44

1.19]

0.45**

[0.28

0.72]

0.59*

[0.38

0.91]

 Middle

0.61*

[0.36

1.03]

0.26***

[0.15

0.45]

0.24***

[0.14

0.41]

 Richer

0.32***

[0.18

0.54]

0.24***

[0.14

0.43]

0.29***

[0.17

0.48]

 Richest

0.21***

[0.12

0.37]

0.11***

[0.06

0.20]

0.13***

[0.07

0.22]

Level of care

 Public

         

 Private

16.38***

[11.62

23.08]

14.41***

[10.34

20.09]

11.91***

[8.57

16.57]

Insurance coverage*

 Not covered

         

 Covered

0.72*

[0.51

1.03]

0.85

[0.62

1.17]

0.78

[0.55

1.11]

Survival status

 Dead

         

 Alive

0.65

[0.30

1.41]

0.45*

[0.21

0.97]

0.30**

[0.15

0.61]

Duration of stay

 1–2 days

         

 3–7 days

6.90***

[4.80

9.91]

6.74***

[4.65

9.76]

7.57***

[5.23

10.94]

 8–14 days

21.23***

[13.20

34.16]

25.18***

[16.10

39.39]

23.73***

[15.42

36.53]

 14+ days

33.87***

[19.68

58.28]

56.26***

[35.46

89.25]

59.85***

[37.97

94.34]

Source of finance

 Household income and saving

         

 Borrowings

4.61***

[3.02

7.04]

3.44***

[2.48

4.77]

2.33***

[1.69

3.22]

 Other sources

3.29**

[1.56

6.93]

2.22**

[1.22

4.05]

2.06**

[1.20

3.55]

Regions

 North

         

 Northeast

1.73*

[0.91

3.31]

1.23

[0.64

2.37]

0.84

[0.44

1.59]

 East

1.43

[0.87

2.35]

0.80

[0.50

1.30]

0.66*

[0.42

1.05]

 Central

1.01

[0.64

1.60]

0.73

[0.46

1.14]

0.71

[0.45

1.11]

 West

0.86

[0.47

1.59]

0.58*

[0.35

0.96]

0.57*

[0.35

0.92]

 South

0.52**

[0.34

0.80]

0.39***

[0.26

0.57]

0.38***

[0.25

0.59]

  1. Source: Authors’ estimates from NSSO survey, 2014
  2. aBased on 3910 cases, *significant at 10% level, **significant at 5% level, ***significant at 1% level
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