Economics of open tibial fractures: the pivotal role of length-of-stay and infection

Health Economics Review

Table 4 Model results (n = 51)

	Model	AV-CM		NSRV-CM		LS-M
	Dependent variable	Total costs		Total costs		Length-of-stay
	Variable	t-value	p	t-value	p	t-value	p
Clinical characteristics	Gender
	-Male	.	.	.	.	.	.
	-Female	.	.	.	.	.	.
	Age	.	.	0.55	0.586	1.32	0.193
	ASA score
	-ASA 1	.	.	.	.	.	.
	-ASA 2	.	.	.	.	.	.
	-ASA 3	.	.	0.92	0.362	.	.
	CVRF	.	.	2.09	0.043*	1.86	0.069
	AO/OTA classification
	-bone segment 42 ^a	.	.	2.00	0.052	1.84	0.073
	-fracture type (A, B, C)	.	.	.	.	.	.
	-fracture group 3 ^a	.	.	0.77	0.446	0.89	0.380
	Open fractures	.	.	.	.	.	.
	Antibiotic therapy
	-prophylactic	.	.	.	.	.	.
	-therapeutic	.	.	0.95	0.346	1.637	0.109
	Delayed-staged surgery	.	.	.	.	.	.
	Type of definite surgery
	-intramedullary nail	.	.	.	.	.	.
	-plate osteosynthesis	.	.	.	.	.	.
	-screw osteosynthesis	.	.	.	.	.	.
	-external fixator	.	.	1.23	0.228	.	.
	-arthrodesis	.	.	.	.	.	.
	Superficial infection	.	.	.	.	.	.
	Deep infection	1.66	0.104	3.81	<0.001***	3.49	0.001***
	Nonunion	1.99	0.053	1.66	0.104	.	.
	Other complications	.	.	.	.	.	.
	Debridement	.	.	1.66	0.105	1.56	0.126
	Hardware removal	.	.	0.84	0.404	.	.
	Re-osteosynthesis	1.21	0.233	.	.	.	.
	Other Operations	.	.	.	.	.	.
	Mortality	.	.	.	.	.	.
Process characteristics	LOS to definite surgery	.	.	excluded	excluded	excluded	excluded
	Total length of antibiotic therapy	.	.	excluded	excluded	excluded	excluded
	Total LOS	30.56	<0.001***	excluded	excluded	excluded	excluded
	Number of operations	0.77	0.448	excluded	excluded	excluded	excluded
	Number of hospital admissions	1.18	0.246	excluded	excluded	excluded	excluded
	Number of surgical day care admissions	.	.	excluded	excluded	excluded	excluded
	Number of ambulatory consults	.	.	excluded	excluded	excluded	excluded
Model	R²		0.98		0.67		0.54
Model	Adj R²		0.97		0.58		0.46

*p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p ≤ 0.001 (p < 0.05 is considered to be significant)
^a Categories which were not selected in the final models where dropped from this listing
Abbreviations: AV-CM all variables costing model, NSRV-CM non-stay-related costing model, LS-M length-of-stay model, CVRF cardiovascular risk factors, LOS length of stay

ISSN: 2191-1991