Table 7 Fixed effects regression (country + time effects) (removing one province at a time)

Gini Index

0.181

−2.193

−0.749

−3.231

−4.359

−3.285

−2.164

−9.127*

−2.481

−2.923

GDP per Capita

2.364***

2.450***

2.105***

2.328***

0.157

2.483***

2.479***

2.996***

2.376***

3.005***

GDP growth

−2.385*

−2.576**

−1.908**

−2.604**

−0.521

−2.504**

−2.681**

−2.611***

−2.578**

−3.219***

Unemployment rate

0.089***

0.086*

0.065

0.052

0.021

0.075**

0.069

0.083**

0.078*

0.093***

Female labor participation

−0.033

0.012

0.022

0.016

0.014

0.004

0.025

0.006

0.009

0.007

Divorce rate

0.009

−0.004

−0.003

0.015

0.024

0.003

0.030

−0.007

−0.004

−0.003

Alcohol sales

−0.983

−1.148

−0.964

−1.491*

−0.296

−1.077**

−1.437

−1.653**

−1.539

−0.895

Low income

0.648

0.789**

0.746*

1.012**

0.997***

0.853*

0.802*

0.487*

0.868

0.984**

Immigration rate

0.005**

0.004*

0.003

0.005**

0.005**

0.004*

0.009

0.003*

0.004**

0.004**

Dependency ratio

11.107

9.867

34.930**

15.094

−19.454*

10.407

10.405

−18.429

12.925

4.384

Observations

45

45

45

45

45

45

45

45

45

45

R-squared

0.671

0.649

0.684

0.673

0.599

0.645

0.649

0.749

0.655

0.753